From Structured Programming to Modern Refactoring: The Evolution of Code Clarity

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Last Updated on 21 September 2023 at 22:42

In a previous publication, I wrote about the era of the 1960s and 1970s when the hacker ethos was a period of rapid innovation and improvisation in software development. The primary focus was on creating functional software within the constraints of the available hardware and the absence of formal methodologies.

The late 1970s and early 1980s were pivotal periods in the evolution of software engineering, marked by the rise of the structured programming movement. This paradigm shift was spearheaded by computer science visionaries like Edsger W. Dijkstra and Donald Knuth. Dijkstra’s seminal letter “Go To Statement Considered Harmful,” published in 1968, was a clarion call for code clarity, a principle that would later become central to the practice of refactoring.

Dijkstra’s critique of the “goto” statement was not merely an academic exercise — it was a practical warning against a programming construct that made code difficult to understand and maintain. The “goto” statement, which allows for arbitrary jumps within a codebase, was a common feature in early programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL. While it offered a certain level of flexibility, it also led to what is colloquially known as “spaghetti code,” a tangled mess of control flows that are hard to follow and debug.

The Structured Programming

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Critics of Structured Programming

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The structured programming movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s laid the intellectual and practical foundations for modern refactoring techniques. It shifted the focus from merely getting code to work to making it work well, emphasising readability, maintainability, and long-term sustainability.

While not without its critics and limitations, the principles of structured programming and refactoring have had a lasting impact on the field of software engineering, influencing not just how code is written but also how it is thought about.

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The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author, Didier Debbaut, and do not represent the views, positions, or policies of Temenos AG, its affiliates, clients, or partners. All information is shared in good faith and in the spirit of professional exchange, as part of an open, constructive contribution to the FinTech and WealthTech community.

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